When filing bankruptcy, debtors may be tempted to transfer assets in an effort to protect the assets from the bankruptcy estate. However, § 548(a)(a)(A) encompasses transfers made by the debtor within two years of filing the bankruptcy, and such transfers would be fraud if transferred "with actual intent to hinder, delay, or defraud any entity to which the debtor was or became, on or after the date that such transfer was made or such obligation incurred, indebted . . . ." 11 U.S.C. § 548(a)(1)(A).  

The property of the bankruptcy estate cannot be removed from the bankruptcy court’s exclusive jurisdiction except by proceedings in the bankruptcy court. The bankruptcy case filing vests exclusive jurisdiction over the debtor’s property in the bankruptcy court so that it may control the administration of the case. 

Not all annuity payments in a bankruptcy will be exempt. For the annuity payment to be exempt in a bankruptcy filing it must be the type described by Congress under exemption § 522(d)(10). 

Bankruptcy is designed to give an honest debtor a fresh start. The fresh start is accomplished through the discharge, but a discharge is not a right, but a privilege. While the denial of a discharge is an extreme penalty, inappropriate conduct by a debtor can justify the denial of the discharge. 

The student loan debt crisis in America has been a growing issue for years, but recently those suffering from student loan debt received a big win. President Biden announced a forgiveness of some student loan debt for eligible borrowers. Although, for many Americans the amount of the forgiven debt will be just a drop in the bucket in relation to the overall amount of their student loan debt. But what or who can help a struggling debtor with the remaining student loan debt? Can it be discharged in a bankruptcy? 

Property of the bankruptcy estate includes all legal or equitable interests of the debtor in property at the time the case is filed. Section 541(b) of the bankruptcy code provides a list of exclusions from property of the bankruptcy estate, and 11 U.S.C. § 522 provides exemptions that apply to property of the bankruptcy estate. 

In the current way our society is structured, the rich are exemplified as the model American, no matter how they obtained their wealth: inheritance, lying, cheating, evading taxes and the poor are vilified regardless of how they got there: mental health issues, medical limitations, inadequate and unfair wages, and the poverty trap. 

To be an eligible debtor in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy filing in Minneapolis, Minnesota, a debtor must complete a credit counseling course within 180 days prior to the bankruptcy filing. The event that prompts the 180-day period is the filing of a petition for relief, not the completion of the credit counseling.

Once a creditor obtains a judgment against a debtor in order for the creditor to obtain payment from the debtor the creditor will attempt to enforce the judgment. Enforcement of the judgment can be in the form of a bank levy or garnishment but it can also be a lien against the debtor’s real estate. 

Not all debts in a bankruptcy are dischargeable. 11 U.S.C. § 523 of the Bankruptcy Code provides exceptions to the dischargeability of some debts. This blog will address the nondischargeability of debts encompassed by Section 523(a)(6). 

We live in the historical period known as the information age. Everyone has information right at their fingertip, however, are they receiving the correct information? How do we know the information we are reading online is the best, and most current information. Consider the source of the information: is the information coming from someone’s blog or an academic paper, and cross-reference the sources. It can be an arduous task to complete a thorough search on a topic, but likely necessary if you want the entire truth. 

Filing bankruptcy is a court action. The bankruptcy filer will file a petition, and receive a case number, meet with a trustee, and there is a possibility of additional court actions, motions, and ultimately the case will be discharged and closed. But, as a bankruptcy filer you have some responsibilities to the court. Bankruptcy exists for the protection of the debtor and to provide the debtor with relief from their creditors, but there is also an onus on the debtor when filing. 

When a bankruptcy is filed the automatic stay is immediate, but not unlimited.  The automatic stay typically lasts until the debtors discharge but through the filing of a motion for relief from the stay, a creditor can request permission from the court to continue collection efforts against a debtor. For example, a mortgage company can ask for relief to foreclose on a homestead for non-payment of the mortgage or a vehicle lender can request relief to repossess a vehicle for failure to keep the vehicle properly insured. The creditor must show the court that a reason or a cause exists to lift the automatic stay.

Bankruptcy relief affords debtors with the benefit of the discharge of debts. But the cost of this discharge is: debtor must be honest and truthful in their disclosures to the court. If a debtor does not provide an honest and accurate accounting of assets to the court and creditors they will jeopardize the discharge of their debts.  

Lately it has been in vogue to buy into the cryptocurrency world. And when a debtor files bankruptcy any value that the cryptocurrency would have would be considered an asset. But before you jump into the cryptocurrency market you should consider all the risk. 

In Minnesota, the creation of a statutory exemption from claims of creditors for real estate used as a homestead is authorized by Article I, Sec. 12 of the State Constitution.  Minn. Stat. Chap. 510 sets forth the homestead exemption. It begins with a definition that reads, in pertinent part: