A person who files for bankruptcy (a.k.a. the “debtor”) is protected from creditors by the “automatic stay” which begins on the day they file their petition with the bankruptcy court.
The automatic stay is a court order that prohibits creditors from collecting on debts owed by the debtor, with very limited exceptions (i.e. creditors to whom the debtor owes alimony or child support are not stopped by the automatic stay).