While bankruptcy can provide many benefits for consumers struggling with debt, the process can be a confusing one. Specifically, you may hear many terms during your case with which you may not be entirely familiar. It is important to have the assistance and guidance of an experienced bankruptcy attorney who can explain every step of the process, including key bankruptcy terms. In the meantime, the following are some brief definitions of common terms in consumer bankruptcy cases. For information regarding your specific situation, call the Minnesota bankruptcy attorneys at Kain & Scott today.

Sometimes the unexpected happens.  Sometimes the expected happens with unexpected consequences.  When a loved one passes away and he or she had debt, what happens?  Are you responsible for the debt?  Can you get rid of that debt by filing bankruptcy?  Ah, the worlds of probate and bankruptcy collide at the worst time and your head is spinning. 

After about a decade of steady decline, bankruptcy filing rates have leveled off since about 2015. Many observers take that to mean the filing rates will start going back up, which has not happened since a spike in filings following the 2005 bankruptcy reforms.

The filing rates are usually higher in non-judicial foreclosure states like Minnesota. Other than bankruptcy, homeowners in these states have few options once the mortgage company begins foreclosure proceedings.

Bankruptcy filings declined again in 2017, but only by 0.07 percent. That’s the smallest decline since 2010, and it signals that the number of filings may soon inch back up. The growing number of retail and other business bankruptcies may accelerate this trend. Small brick-and-mortar, mom-and-pop businesses in Minnesota and elsewhere simply cannot compete anymore.

That last point is an important one. Moneylenders like to promote the myth that only people who recklessly overspend and are financial failures file bankruptcy. This myth discourages people from seeking Chapter 7 and other bankruptcy relief. In some cases, overspending is a problem. But in most cases, there are other issues involved. Typically, these issues are beyond the debtor’s control.

Every year, the IRS collects over $3 trillion. Given the size of this revenue stream, many people think that the Service will overlook a few thousand dollars in unpaid taxes here or there. But that’s definitely not the case. The IRS is, in effect, the world’s largest bill collector. And this agency has access to many tools that private debt collectors can only dream about.

Bankruptcy is usually the best way, and sometimes the only way, to keep the IRS at bay. As outlined below, it gives families breathing space and also permanently eliminates tax debt in many cases.

Since about 2000, college tuition has increased massively in most places. At the same time, banks have remained eager to lend these students lots of money, even as credit requirements elsewhere tightened. As a result, Americans now owe over $1.5 trillion in education debt. If everything goes as planned for recent graduates, paying off student loans is usually not a problem. Many people might have to put off large purchases for a few years, but that’s a price most are willing to pay.

But as we know, everything does not always go according to plan. That’s basically the reason that the United States has such a generous bankruptcy law. In most cases, the debtors simply miscalculated, and they deserve fresh starts.

Over a third of Minnesotans have more than $1,000 which they keep for financial emergencies. Credit card payments and medical bills usually do not qualify as such. So, many Minnesota bankruptcy filers have at least a few hundred extra dollars in the bank. Sometimes, this money is not even an emergency fund. They simply need it to pay bills.

The bad news is that, in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, the trustee liquidates as many nonexempt assets as possible to pay the debtors’ medical bills, credit cards, and other unsecured debts. The good news is that cash is often an exempt asset in Minnesota. Even if that’s not the case, at Kain & Scott, we know how to use legal loopholes in your favor.

Most banks have very little patience when it comes to missed mortgage payments. In fact, many lenders begin pre-foreclosure proceedings after just two missed payments. So, distressed Minnesota homeowners have very little safety cushion.

From the oldest bankruptcy law firm in Minnesota, since 1972, comes Kain & Scott to explain what you need to know about filing Chapter 13 Bankruptcy. Very few people realize the government actually has a government sponsored debt consolidation plan. It’s called a Chapter 13 Bankruptcy. And if you knew how it works, no one would do traditional debt consolidation.

Here is what you need to know about filing a Chapter 13 Bankruptcy:

Have you ever had a bad thing happen to you? Of course right? Have you ever had a bad thing happen to you twice? Of course right? Bad things happen to good people. Businesses fail, incomes drop, medical problems happen, relationships break up, we all make bad financial decisions, so what right?

Sometimes, life deals you a blow and you may need to file another bankruptcy.  You can file another Chapter 7 Bankruptcy 8 years after you filed your previous Chapter 7 Bankruptcy. Section 727 of the Bankruptcy Code limits you to filing Chapter 7 Bankruptcy every 8 years. It used to be every 6 years until the Republicans changed the law in 2005.

In my last two blogs I’ve written about a common problem with chapter 13: a client’s financial situation has changed during the time the chapter 13 case is pending, and making a monthly chapter 13 payment to the trustee, which once was affordable, is no longer affordable.

In this blog, I’ll write about the options that chapter 13 debtors have when a chapter 13 case no longer “works.” I’ll write about short-term solutions first.

In many ways, federal and state laws outside bankruptcy are very pro-creditor. For example, a moneylender in Minnesota may begin the auto repossession process after just one late payment. Most creditors will try to work something out with the borrower before they resort to repossession. But, there are no guarantees. The same thing applies to late mortgage or rent payments.

In these situations, Minneapolis families basically have two options. First, they can hope that the moneylender shows some degree of patience and mercy. Second, they can take control of their finances and begin the Chapter 13 bankruptcy process in Minnesota.

Since the early 1800s, the Supreme Court has consistently held that bankruptcy is designed to give honest but unfortunate debtors a fresh start. Many notable individuals and businesses, from Henry Ford in the early 1900s to General Motors in the early 2000s, have used bankruptcy to get this fresh start. You can do the same thing.

From start to finish, the Chapter 7 bankruptcy process usually takes a little less than a year. A lot of things happen in these nine or ten months. This post highlights some of the key points.

Some clients at Kain & Scott run into problems making their chapter 13 plan payments because of a short-term, temporary financial problem.  For people in a temporary bind, the difficulty in making a chapter 13 payment doesn’t have to spell doom for the chapter 13 case.  Last week I wrote about fixes for short-term problems - catching up on back payments or agreeing to enter into a cure order - to catch up on chapter 13 payments and continue down the financial road to an eventual chapter 13 discharge of debt.

In many cases, a mortgage lender begins home foreclosure proceedings after just two missed payments. Sometimes the Minnesota lender is a little more patient, but that’s certainly not true in all cases.

Pre-foreclosure basically starts a financial landslide. The moneylender usually sends an acceleration notice very early in the process. Once the lender issues that notice, the bank no longer accepts partial payments. So, the homeowner goes further and further into delinquency with each passing week.